Hyperglycemic stress response in Crustacea

Abstract

Blood glucose level in crustaceans is controlled by the crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone (cHH),
released from the eyestalk neuroendocrine centres both under physiological and environmental stress
conditions. Hyperglycemia is a typical response of many aquatic animals to pollutants and stress and,
in crustaceans, increased circulating cHH and hyperglycemia are reported to result from exposure to
several environmental stressors. Biogenic amines and enkephalin have been found to mediate the
release of several neurohormones from crustacean neuroendocrine tissue and a model of the
controlling network is proposed.